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Mercury On The Mind

By Carter M. Throckmorton

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In an escalating chorus of evidence from around the globe, emerging scientific research is providing direct links between amalgam dental fillings and childhood vaccinations and toxic mercury exposure. Various serious immune system and mental disorders such as Alzheimer's, ADD/ADHD, depression, fibromyalgia, headaches, insomnia and Chronic Fatigue Immune Dysfunction Syndrome/Epstein-Barr Virus, are now believed to have a causative source from the inhalation, ingestion and absorption through mouth and nasal tissue of vaporized mercury contained in tooth fillings, and autism from the ethyl mercury (thimerosol) preservative used in childhood vaccinations.

We've all heard the term 'quack' when reference is made to an individual with no formal training or experience who tries to represent himself or herself as a medical professional. However, the majority of people in the United States don't realize that this term was first used in 1812 to refer to the individuals who developed and sold amalgam dental filling material as an affordable and readily-available alternative to gold fillings for the mass public.

Originally opposed by dental societies of the era due to mercury's known neurotoxic effects associated with the metal's use in the hat-making trade, some dentists found amalgams of mercury (also known as quicksilver or quecksilber) in combination with silver, copper, tin and/or zinc to be a vast improvement over the molten lead, tin, and gold being used at that time. The quacks, as the mercury-users were called, found mercury amalgams cheap, easy-to-use and hard-setting. As the use of quicksilver increased, quacks formed powerful dental societies and the opposing groups died out.

Of the list of toxic metals, mercury ranks third. Its presence in the environment is a source of serious concern to environmental and public health agencies. Oddly, the one place where mercury's presence is accepted by key organizations within the United States charged with protecting the public health — namely, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), The Environmental Production Agency (EPA), National Institutes of Health (NIH), American Medical Association (AMA) and the American Dental Association (ADA) — is in amalgam fillings within a person's mouth.

"There is no safe level of exposure to mercury," says John Snively, a dentist in Nelson, British Columbia, and secretary of the Holistic Dental Association (HDA), whose members practice non-traditional dentistry in the United States and Canada. "To even consider that there is a safe level of exposure to such a poison is ludicrous."

{Insert Mercury On The Mind Head Xray from Getty Images}
Amalgams generally contain 50% mercury, 35% silver, 9% tin, 6% copper and a trace of zinc. A single dental amalgam filling with a surface area of only 0.4 sq. cm is estimated to release as much as 15 micrograms of mercury per day primarily through mechanical wear and evaporation. The average individual has eight amalgam fillings and could absorb up to 120 micrograms (0.120 mg/[m.sup.3]) of mercury per day from their amalgams. The mercury escapes continuously during the entire life of the filling primarily in the form of vapor, but also abraded particles. Chewing, brushing, and the intake of hot fluids stimulate this release. Gold placed in the vicinity of an amalgam restoration produces a 10-fold increase in the release of mercury.

Amalgams also generate galvanic currents. When you place different types of metal together in the mouth with an electrolytic solution like saliva, you can produce electric currents which are quite significant. One of the things to look for is 'tattooing' along the gum lines. A lot of the bluing or discoloration of the gum tissue is electrolytically deposited, especially in situations where you have dissimilar metals. You'll often find halos or points of bluing where the electrical currents generated by the amalgam composition causes the ions of the metal to be injected into the tissue.

It is important to realize that these currents are being generated very close to the brain, which operates on nanovolts so these currents that are being generated in the mouth are on the order of 10 to 1000 times higher than what is supposed to be found in the body. It is no wonder that patients with chronic headaches and some systemic hormone problems are found to have problems caused by mercury.

Because of the varying reactions that happen in the mouth, mercury becomes bioavailable to the body in three different forms: elemental or vapour mercury, inorganic or ionic mercury, and organically-complexed mercury. Mercury is deposited in different tissues and areas of the body according to the different chemical forms — from brain tissue to bone.

In fact, a 1991 report from the World Health Organization documented mercury vapor from amalgam fillings as contributing six times more mercury to body burden than all other 'dietary' sources, including air, water, seafood and other foods. Eighty percent of inhaled mercury is retained in body cells. In 1995, Health Canada reported that mercury vapor is above the Tolerable Daily Intake (TDI) in adults with four fillings, in teenagers with three fillings, and in children with just one filling.

"I can't prove mercury fillings cause a specific disease," reports David Kennedy, a practicing dentist and visiting chemistry scholar at the University of California at San Diego. "But mercury fillings have been linked experimentally to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (Lou Gehrig's disease), Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and multiple sclerosis."

The National Institutes of Health has consistently refused to fund studies that address mercury in amalgams and vaccines and has pulled funding from research scientists engaged in mercury-poisoning-based work.

Boyd Haley, PhD, from the University of Kentucky Medical Center, is a very vocal opponent of dental amalgams and decades of his own research fuel his enthusiasm for alerting individuals to the dangers of amalgams.

The National Institutes of Health (NIH) funded his research for 25 years until he began to seriously call into question safety of dental amalgams, the use of thimerosal in vaccines and their correlation with autism. The private Wallace Foundation, run by the son of President Truman's vice-president Henry Wallace who died of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) and who had been frequently exposed to mercury-containing fungicide on grain, now funds his work.

Anders Lindvall, MD, from the Foundation for Metal Biology in Sweden recently reported on a February 2004 amalgam toxicity paper in the International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health. Here he showed that mercury vapor is continually emitted and absorbed from amalgams and accumulates in organ tissues. Humans with amalgam fillings have significantly elevated blood mercury levels, 3-5 times more mercury in the urine and 2-12 times more mercury in their tissues than those without amalgam fillings. Patients with self-related amalgam complaints have lower selenium levels and deficiencies of trace elements than controls, and total antioxidant plasma activity is significantly reduced in individuals with dental amalgams. Lindvall reported a 70% improvement in most chronic health complaints after amalgam removal. In another study, 71% of patients with autoimmune diseases, including multiple sclerosis, improved after amalgam removal.

Dental amalgams are the primary source of mercury in the adult brain. An average-sized amalgam filling contains roughly 750,000 micrograms of mercury. Amalgam mercury exposure is estimated to be from 3 to 17 micrograms per day {average is about 10 micrograms per day} from vaporization, slow corrosion, chewing, brushing and grinding. The toxicokinetics of mercury for absorption is about 80% for mercury vapor and nearly 100% for oral absorption. When mercury vapor is inhaled, it easily crosses cell membranes and the blood-brain barrier. It is primarily distributed in the kidneys and brain and readily transferred to the fetus via the placenta. It is eliminated via the urine, feces, expired air, and breast milk. When taken in context of 'environmental exposures' to mercury, those from walking around, breathing the air, and eating various food products from vegetables grown in soils contaminated by heavy metals to the eating of fish and livestocks exposed to mercury contamination, it is estimated that three-fourths of all mercury absorbed comes from amalgams.

The characteristic symptoms of mercury poisoning have been known for almost 200 years and can be found in any textbook of internal medicine or toxicology. Clinical manifestations of mercury poisoning are varied and mimic many other conditions. Central Nervous System (CNS) toxicity includes erethism with symptoms of shyness, emotional liability, nervousness, insomnia, memory impairment, anxiety and inability to concentrate. Other CNS symptoms may include encephalopathy, peripheral neuropathy, Parkinsonian symptoms, tremor, ataxia, impaired hearing, tunnel vision, dysarthria, headache, fatigue, impaired sexual function, numbness, tingling of extremities, and depression. Gastrointestinal symptoms include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and colitis. Dermal toxicity includes allergic dermatitis, chelitis, gingivitis, stomatitis, and excessive salivation. What is often less appreciated is that the autonomic nervous system is also affected. Because the autonomic nervous system 'regulates' every organ of the body, a wide range of symptoms, from migraine headache to cardiac palpitations to bladder or bowel disturbance is possible.

All truth goes through three steps.
First, it is ridiculed.
Second, it is violently opposed.
Third, it is accepted as self-evident.
Philosopher Arthur Schopenhauer

Schopenhauer asserted that only three percent of people ever embrace a new truth during the first two stages, when their lives can be truly transformed. Ninety-seven percent wait for the self-evident stage, when embracing the new idea is safe and socially acceptable. Unfortunately, by then it's too late for any real opportunities.

In recent years, it has become increasingly apparent that mercury toxicity may compromise immune function. This may present as poor resistance to infection or as 'sensitivity' (e.g. headache, fatigue, malaise, and 'brain fog') when exposed to perfumes, certain foods, alcoholic beverages, petroleum products, and other chemicals. Yeast overgrowth of bowel flora, mucosal surfaces or skin occurs and responds poorly or only temporarily to changes in diet and specific treatment of yeast. The 'index of suspicion' of mercury toxicity should increase in individuals who have been nutritionally weakened by poor diet or long-term use of medications that disturb gastrointestinal function. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, antibiotics, and anti-ulcer drugs are common culprits. Vegetarians and others on high-carbohydrate, low-protein diets are at risk, especially if they are physically active or under other stress.

Mercury poisoning from dental amalgam fillings continues to be a controversial subject, with most mainstream dental associations still denying its existence. Some authorities and holistic, integrated and complementary dental associations and physicians take it seriously, however, and several European countries forbid or limit the use of amalgam in dentistry. In California, patients are required to be informed by their dentists about the health risks of amalgam fillings, and dentists are required to post a notice that they use mercury, "as mercury has been determined by the state to cause reproductive harm". In Canada, the recent Richardson Report to the federal government Ministry of Health has recommended that amalgam not be used in pregnant women and children, and in adults the number of fillings is limited to 3 or 4.

Mercury levels in the human placenta correlate with the number of maternal amalgam fillings, and a substantial amount of mercury from amalgams reach the fetus. Mercury from dental amalgams in pregnant women may also contribute to development of autism in their children. In one study, mothers of 94 autistic children had statistically more amalgam fillings during pregnancy than 49 mothers of normal controls. In contrast to their higher mercury exposure during pregnancy, these autistic children had reduced mercury levels in their first haircut. This may reflect a reduced capacity to excrete mercury from their body, which in turn may lead to elevated brain mercury levels.

Selenium is known to play a protective role in biological tissue against mercury toxicity and zinc may also play a protective role by forming a zinc-thioneine complex with which the mercury will replace zinc forming a less toxic mercury-thioneine complex. A large body of research on the effect of accidental mercury poisoning indicates that mercury causes emotional and mental disturbances very similar to those that appear in many Alzheimer's patients.

Autism and Alzheimer's — The Amalgam and Vaccination Connections to Mercury
The epidemic of autism, autism spectrum disorder, pervasive development disorder and attention deficit disorder started at the same time as the mandated vaccine program in 1982-1985. The first case of autism, for a time a uniquely American disease, was described in 1941. Thimerosol had been patented in 1928 and was added to various American drugs in the 1930s.

Vaccines containing thimerosol, which is quickly converted to ethyl mercury in the body where it moves rapidly from blood to brain, have been an infant's first or second exposure to mercury {depending upon whether or not the birth mother had amalgam fillings and, therefore, transmitted mercury contamination through the placenta and breast milk}. Thimerosol was removed from vaccines for cats and dogs in 1992, but thimerosol-free Hepatitis B vaccine was not available for babies until 2000.

Boyd Haley, PhD, Professor and Chair, Department of Chemisty, University of Kentucky Medical Center, regularly reports on the toxicity of thimerosal, and has tracked the dramatic increase in autism rates in California since the introduction of the Hepatitis B vaccine in 1990 and an increase in the overall vaccination schedule. Studies point to the dramatic rise in autism rates, over 900% in less than a generation in California and 714% nationwide. The use of drugs to treat Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) of all ages has increased 49% in the past three years, while their use has increased 369% in children under five years old. {Latest statistics from 2004.}

Dr. Haley has also observed that the lowest level of mercury is found in the birth hair of the most severely affected autistic children. Mercury is lipophilic and concentrates in the brain, therefore blood levels are not an accurate measurement of total body burden of mercury. The male-female 4:1 ratio of autism is believed to be in part due to the effects of testosterone on mercury excretion. Testosterone potentiates toxicity while estrogen is protective. Antibiotics also prevent excretion of mercury, and antibiotic use is higher among autistic children.

Recently Jane El Dahr, MD, the Chief of Pediatric Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology at Tulane University Health Sciences Center reported on the increase in autism in the last decade, its correlation with the change in the vaccine schedule and explored in detail the autism-mercury connections. In California, where rigorous standards for reporting autism have been in place for two decades, during the first 25 years, 6,527 cases of autism were reported; but it took only three years during the 1990s to add 6,596 additional cases. From 1987 to 1998 there was a 273% increase in autism cases in California. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and American Academy of Autism released an "Autism Alarm" stating that one in 166 children in the U.S. have autistic spectrum disorder (ASD). Currently, one-sixth of all children under the age of 18 have a developmental disability. That is nearly 20% of the population who may not be able to be productive members of society.

Bernard Rimland, Ph.D. and Founder of the Autism Research Institute, estimates that 4% of American boys are autistic. He predicts a serious shortage of technically-trained men and suggests that fully-vaccinated children could lose 15 to 20 IQ points and have blunted emotions and behavioral problems.

Stephanie Cave, MD is on the Clinical Faculty of Louisiana State University Medical School, and since 1996 has treated over 2,300 children with autistic spectrum disorder. Her recent book, What Your Doctor May Not Tell You About Children's Vaccinations, outlines the data and debate in this highly-charged field.

The major toxicity from mercury, she reports, is its ability to tightly bind to the sulfhydryl group's enzymatic or structural proteins, severely inhibiting enzyme function and structural integrity. Ethyl mercury from vaccines exceeds WHO, EPA, FDA, and the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) limits for exposure. The toxic limits of mercury exposure for an average 5kg child range from 0.5 mcg/day for the EPA and FDA, to 1.5 mcg/day for ATSDR and 16.5 mcg/week for WHO. To put this in chilling perspective, the administration of the two-month immunization schedule for the average child as DTaP, Hib, Hep B results in the injection and exposure of 62.5 mcg, or 125 times the safe limits set by government agencies.

Note: In the first three quarters of 2004 the data showed a decline in the incidence of autism in California for the first time, most likely due to the removal of thimersol from certain childhood vaccines. However, autism in California in 2006 and 2007 is now leveling off and slowly rising again. Epidemiologists are in agreement that some environmental cause is responsible and evidence is pointing to the 'Shanghai Plume' effect of electronic waste disposal. This subject is covered in detail in the Wellcorps International News To Use companion piece Think Before You Shuffle.

Another key area of mercury poisoning is the role it is playing in Alzheimer's research. Alzheimer's disease was discovered in 1906 in America {where dentists used mercury-laden amalgams to fill cavities}. Today more than four million Americans now have Alzheimer's disease, afflicting half of people over the age of 85 and 20% of individuals aged 75 to 84.

The first symptoms of Alzheimer's disease are difficulty concentrating and variable degrees of memory loss, leading ultimately to devastating mental deterioration. The brains of people with Alzheimer's disease shrink by 25% and have distinct pathologic hallmarks (neurofibillary tangles, amyloid plaques, and phosphorylation of tau protein). Brain cells grown in the laboratory develop the same three pathologic findings when exposed to nanomolar (3.6 x 10-10 molar) doses of mercury, an amount approximating that found in the brains of people who have a number of amalgam fillings.

Reported significant differences in Alzheimer brains are focused on five, key elements: elevated mercury and bromine, and diminished selenium, zinc, and rubidium. People with Alzheimer's have been shown to have mercury levels in their brains which are two to four times higher than that seen in normal people. Additionally, one investigative report has found that people who received the flu vaccine each year for three to five years had a ten-fold greater chance of developing Alzheimer's disease than people who had zero, one or two shots.

Note: The Patriot Act and subsequent National Homeland Security Act — both passed with no debate and very little scrutiny by elected officials shortly after the devastating hijacking and crashing of airliners into the World Trade Center Twin Towers by Saudi Arabian nationals on September 11, 2001 — contained legislative language which absolved U.S. vaccine manufacturers from any and all liability for pathogens contained within human vaccines manufactured to date and/or those yet to be manufactured. Thanks to alert, educated and vocal outrage by concerned citizen groups throughout the United States and the world community, these provisions have recently been repealed.

Dental Health Practitioners Also At Risk
Wellcorps International would like to express deep gratitude for the many dental health practitioners who participated in this important information-gathering process. Standing alone and standing out, with no support from their professional associations or governmental bodies charged with protecting the interests of the public health, we would like to point out that these brave men and women, at the forefront of clinical research and empathic care for their patients are, themselves, at risk.

As far back as 1985, a study involving 9,000 dentists found that dentists have twice the rate of glioblastomas (brain cancer) as the general population, and are regularly exposed to 50-4000 mcg/cubit meter of mercury vapor every working day. {Note: The American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) has established a threshold level value of 0.025 mg/[m.sup.3] of mercury for an eight-hour time period. The ACGIH additionally recommends that women of childbearing age should not be exposed to air concentrations of mercury greater than 0.010 mg/[m.sup.3]. Additional regulatory agency guidelines for mercury exposure levels are as follows. The Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA), National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), and the World Health Organization (WHO) have established an exposure limit of 0.050 mg/[m.sup.3] for an eight-hour time period. The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) has established a ceiling (peak) exposure level of 0.100 mg/[m.sup.3].

In 1994, 20% of Canadian dentists were on long-term disability pensions due to mental health problems. Early signs of mercury toxicity include short-term memory loss, loss of concentration, emotional instability, suicidal tendencies and depression.

In 1999, the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services released its report, Toxicological Profile For Mercury. In it, on Pages 6 and 7, is found, "A potential source of exposure to metallic mercury for the general population is mercury released from dental amalgam fillings. Estimates of the amount of mercury released from dental amalgams range from 3 to 17 micrograms per day. The mercury from dental amalgams may contribute more than 75 percent of an individual's total daily mercury exposure." On Pages 278 and 279 are located this alarming statistic: "Female dentists and dental assistants exposed to metallic mercury vapors had increased reproductive failures (spontaneous abortions, stillbirth, and congenital malformations) and irregular, painful or hemorrhagic menstrual disorder."

In 2001, amalgam restorations were preferred by over 75% of general dentistry practitioners, and by 54% of GDP's in the United States for restoring cavities in load-bearing situations in posterior teeth. This trend is placing dental healthcare workers in harm's way and is exposing them to mercury by a number of routes — in their patients' own mouths; by handling the amalgam material during the removal and restoration process, storage of mercury and waste amalgam, and autoclaving of instruments contaminated with mercury. In this respect, evidence has shown that mercury vaporizes during removal, and in the mixing and polishing of amalgam restorations. Further European studies are now emerging on the debilitating effects of mercury exposure on dentists and dental technicians.

Of particular note, is a recent study published in the November 27, 2004 issue of the British Dental Journal involving a random selection of 180 dentists practicing in the Greater Glasgow, Ayrshire and Arran, Argyll and Clyde and Lanarkshire Health Boards areas. These subject dentists were asked to provide a sample of urine, head hair, pubic hair, finger nails and toe nails. The results of this study are staggering.

A large and highly-significant difference was found between urinary mercury levels of dentists and controls — the geometric mean urinary mercury for dentists being 4.17 times that for the control group. The urinary mercury levels found in the dentists included in this study were similar to those reported in other studies in recent years and very close to those reported by Langworth et al. in their study of dentists and dental nurses in 1997.

Number of Study-Affiliated Dentists
Indicating Mercury-Associated Symptoms

Memory Disturbance 25.9%
Loss of Appetite 6.5%
Tiredness 62.4%
Hand Tremor 10.6%
Gastro-Intestinal Disturbance 25.9%
Problems With Sleeping 35.3%
Poor Concentration 32.4%
Nervousness 22.4%

Additionally, it is known that mercury accumulates in the kidneys of dental staff. In this study, dentists were significantly more likely than control subjects to report that they had suffered from and received treatment for a kidney disorder. In addition to reporting a high incidence of kidney disorders, the dentists in this study also reported a significantly higher incidence of memory disturbance than did the control subjects. As with reported kidney problems, the reporting of memory disturbance was not related to urinary mercury concentration, thus confirming blood-brain barrier penetration and non-excretion of mercury through urine.

It is important to note here that alternative, integrative, holistic and complementary healthcare professionals have been recommending the systematic removal of mercury amalgam fillings from their patients for the past 15 years. Exposure to additional mercury at the time of amalgam removals is unavoidable, yet with the proper qualified and trained dental professional handling this delicate procedure, exposure may be minimized. Your dental practitioner will establish a schedule, over a two-to three-month period wherein your amalgams may be removed and replaced with composite resin — a much safer cavity-filling material. In addition to the removal of amalgams, many educated healthcare professionals recommend a specific detoxification program following the removals in order to help eliminate the mercury build-up in tissues and organ systems.

Additional Mercury Exposure — The Smoking Gun
The tobacco plant, like the marijuana plant, is a 'heavy metal aggregator' and efficiently concentrates mercury out of the soil. In a recent test, smoke was measured from an additive-free tobacco cigarette (0.014 mg/[m.sup.3] of mercury) versus the exhaled smoke of the same cigarette (0.004 mg/[m.sup.3] of mercury). The smoker effectively filters out the 'danger level' of mercury in tobacco smoke into their own body, therefore, it is the un-inhaled secondary smoke that is of most danger to others in the vicinity.

The preceding information, as well as that contained in the companion piece, Think Before You Shuffle, is controversial and provides an objective perspective on a critically-important health matter of daily importance to everyone. Mercury exposure through amalgams is a serious threat to personal health and well-being. However, as the companion piece, Think Before You Shuffle demonstrates, amalgam fillings do not represent the only personally-controllable exposure.

It's up to you to take personal responsibility and control of your health. Discover the facts, add up the risks, and then make your own decisions. Respect and responsibility, in your everyday life, in every aspect and level of living, is required to successfully navigate, survive and thrive at this time in human evolution.

When it comes to vaccinations, ask questions. Make certain that you know all the facts and that, if you decide to obtain vaccinations, you seek out immunizations that are free from mercury-based preservatives. One ill-informed decision, one blind and accepting mandate from a supposedly qualified and authoritative source can have a lifetime of negative repercussions for you and your children.

Wellcorps International would like to suggest that you and your friends, family and associates not only read this information, and follow the embedded links to further, detailed studies and cross-referenced background materials, that you provide your children and other school-aged relatives and friends with this information, so that they may not only learn and become informed, they might also utilize this ground-breaking research and non-partisan scientific information to prepare oral and written presentations to their teachers, classmates, community groups, co-workers and healthcare providers.

Get Real. Get Well.™

Recommended Further Research

Articles and Books:
Adams, Rebecca, “Vaccine Makers Seek Inoculation From Suits,” CQ Weekly, December 5, 2005, p. 3248.

Blaylock, Russell L., M.D., "Health and Nutrition Secrets That Can Save Your Life"; Chapter 3: Mercury: The Silent Killer. New York, NY: Health Press; 2006.

Cave, Stephanie, M.D., F.A.A.F.P., "What Your Doctor May Not Tell You About Children's Vaccinations". New York, NY: Grand Central Publishing; 2001.

Clarkson, Thomas, "The Three Modern Faces of Mercury", Environmental Health Perspectives, February 2002, Volume 110: Pages 11-23.

Miller, Neil Z., "Vaccines: Are They Really Safe And Effective?"; Santa Fe, NM: New Atlantean Press; 2002.

On-Line Video Presentations and Web Sites:
Gammal, Robert, BDS, FACNEM, "Queck-Busting — Quecksilber: The Strange Story Of Dental Amalgam". Sidney, Australia: Bio-Compatible Dentistry;
http://www.bcd.com.au/

Haley, Boyd, M.D., Professor and Chair, Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky; "Mercury — What Is Its Role In Autism And Alzheimer's Disease?"
http://www.nomercury.org/media/haley/haley_files/default.htm

Consumers For Dental Choice
http://www.toxicteeth.org/

Genesis Laboratory Systems, Inc.
GLSI is a Colorado corporation targeting the environmental instrumentation sector of the analytical instrument market. Their Hg253 Portable Mercury Vapor Analyzer was utilized in the tobacco cigarette mercury content analysis cited in this article.
http://genlabsystems.com/

International Academy of Oral Medicine and Toxicology
http://www.iaomt.org/

Institute of Medicine of the National Academies
http://www.iom.edu/

MELISA® Medica Foundation
MELISA® is the world’s leading test for hypersensitivity to metals. It is used worldwide by dentists and doctors to determine whether a patient is intolerant to materials commonly used in dental restorations or bodily implants.
http://www.melisa.org./

Sensible Action For Ending Mercury-Induced Neurological Disorders
http://safeminds.org/

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